One way has remained through out – deforestation – cutting of trees and destruction of the habitat of wildlife, for constructing houses or for cultivation. This loss of habitat is one of the main reasons for the decline in the numbers of wild animals. Another main reason was game hunting by the rajas and the British. Poachers and local villagers still continue to kill wild animals and birds indiscriminately; even though killing them has been banned and this has even led to total extinction of some animals.

In an effort to protect the wildlife, the Indian Government started conservation efforts. The areas where wildlife still lived were brought under protection, wildlife sanctuaries and National Parks were established. The Animals which were on the brink of extinction were protected and Projects to conserve them were established. These Programs like the Project Tiger and Project Elephant were started and have been successful.